i. Flashes and floaters: complications of posterior vitreous detachment and recognition of
retinal tears.

ii. Vitreous haemorrhage: from retinal tears or neovascularisation; initial management.

iii. Retinal detachment: classification, predisposition, recognition and urgency of treatment; recognition of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

iv. Senile/acquired retinoschisis: recognition.

v. Liaison: with low vision services.

Practical skills:
To have undertaken (under supervision until proficient) the following:

i. Scleral indentation with indirect ophthalmoscopy.

ii. Retinal drawing.

iii. Cryopexy and laser (via slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope delivery systems) for retinal tear.

Background theory/principles:
To have gained an awareness of the following:

i. B-Scan ultrasound for opaque media.

ii. Vitreoretinal surgery: including closed intraocular microsurgery, scleral buckling and internal tamponade.

iii. Intraocular foreign body: complications and management.

iv. Other vasoproliferative vitreoretinopathies including sickle cell retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, Eales’ disease.

v. Genetic vitreoretinal disease: Stickler syndrome. X-linked retinoschisis.

vi. Asteroid hyalosis.

vii. Choroido-retinal coloboma.