1. What is the unit for luminance for 1 square meter
a. Candela
b. Candle
c. Apostilb
d. Footcandle

2. What is the optimal size for pinhole visual assessment
a. 1.2mm
b. 2.1mm
c. 3.0mm
d. 5.0mm

3. When viewing through a small pupil with the Binocular indirect ophthalmoscope
a. The examiner should stand closer to the patient’s eye
b. The examiner should use a stronger illumination source
c. The examiner should stand further away from the patient’s eye
d. The examiner should widen the interpupillary distance of the BIO

4. The operating microscope is consists of the following parts except
a. Inverting prism
b. Mirror
c. Galilean telescope
d. Keplerian telescope

5. What is the magnification of the retina when seen through a direct ophthalmoscope of a patient who requires -7.00D spectacle?
a. 13.25x
b. 15.0x
c. 16.75x
d. Depending on the examiner’s refractive status.

6. The production of laser involves several steps. The process where laser light is being amplify through reflection is known as
a. Pumping
b. Optical feedback
c. Stimulated emission
d. Spontaneous emission

7. Regarding duochrome test:
a. It is not suitable for patient with red-green desaturation.
b. It is used during refraction prior to subjective testing with cross-cylinder.
c. Hyperopic patient will see green letters more clearly.
d. Initially patient will see green letters more clearly.

8. A lensometer measures the:
a. Back vertex distance
b. Back vertex power


9. Laser interferometer requires light which are:
a. Polarized
b. Monochromatic
c. Coherent
d.

10. Angle kappa refers to
a. The angle between pupillary axis with optical axis
b. The angle between pupillary axis and visual axis
c. The angle between the optical axis and visual axis
d. The angle between the optical

11. Total internal reflection is observed in the following condition
a. Visualization of the anterior chamber angle
b. Fiber optic cable
c. Porro-Abbe prism
d. Maddox rod

12. LASEK refers to
a. Laser assisted subepithelial keratomileusis
b. Laser augmentation
c. Laser
d. Laser

13. The human cornea has a prolate shape with least spherical aberration when the factor Q equals to
a. 0
b. 1
c. -0.5
d. 0.5

14. Axial length in the Gullstrand’s schematic eye is:
a. 17.0mm
b. 22.6mm
c. 23.5mm
d. 24.4mm

15. Each snellen letter subtend and angle of ___ when viewed 20 feet away.
a. 1 min arc
b. 1 degree arc
c. 5 min arc
d. 5 degree arc

16. Each stroke of the snellen letter subtend and angle of
a. 1 min arc
b. 1 degree arc
c. 1 second arc
d. 0.5 min arc

17. An average human eye at 1 year old has a refractive power of
a. 3 diaopter hyperopia
b. 1 diaopter hyperopia
c. 0.5 diaopter hyperopia
d. Emmetropia

18. A pachymeter can be used to measure
a. Axial length of the eye
b. Anterior chamber depth
c. Cornea thickness
d. Angle of anterior chamber

19. The following cylindrical lenses are equivalent, except
a. -1.00D + 3.00D x 90 and +2.00D – 3.00D x 180
b. +2.50D – 2.50D x 45 and -2.50D + 2.50D x 135
c. PL + 2.5D x 30 and +2.50D – 2.50D x 150
d. +1.75 D + 1.00 D x 120 and +2.75D – 1.00D x 60

20. Accommodation is caused by
a. Changes in the radius of the curvature of the posterior surface of the lens
b. Slackening of the zonules
c. Constriction of the pupil
d. Convergence of both eyes

21. Staining of the contact lens at 3 and 9 o’clock is mainly due to
a. Use of extended wear soft contact lens
b. Inappropriate fit of the lens
c. Inappropriate cleaning of the lens
d. Usage of lens with low Dk value.

22. Which of the following refractive error will place the circle of least confusion nearest to the retina
a. Mixed astigmatism
b. Simple myopic astigmatism
c. Simple hyperopic astigmatism
d. Compound myopic astigmatism

23. When correcting myopia, contact lens are better than spectacles because of the following reasons except:
a. Reduces accommodative effort.
b. Reduces accommodative convergence : convergence ratio.
c. Increases field of vision.
d. Lesser add is needed for presbyopic correction.

24. Regarding excimer laser the type of crystals / gas needed for production
 

25. Wavelength of excimer laser employed for corneal refractive surgery

26. The formula used to calculate the depth of cornea to be excised with LASEK in order to achieve the desired refractive outcome.
 

27. complication of contact lens use, rigid versus soft lenses