Ptosis
........... When examining a patient with ptosis, you need to show the examiner that you can perform the examination from the surgical viewpoint ie. the amount of ptosis, the levator function, presence of Bell's phenomenon and corneal sensation. Secondly, you need to show him/her the cause of the ptosis. In children with ptosis, the two most likely diagnosis being congenital ptosis secondary to dystrohic muscle (demonstrated by the failure of the muscle to descend on downgaze) and Marcus-Gunn jaw winking. 

Learn the different surgical techniques for ptosis as you may be asked which one you think is suitable for the case under examination. 

Common ptosis cases
        • Marcus-Gunn jaw winking ptosis
        • congenital ptosis
        • levator disinsertion
        • chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
        • blepharophimosis
        • third nerve palsy
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