| 1. Observe with
the patient undressed : nystagmus, wasting and hemiparesis
2. Assess tone for hyper or hypotonia
3. Power:
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Lift the leg up (L1 & 2)
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Bend the knee (L5, S1 & 2)
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Straighten the leg (L3 & 4)
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Bend the foot down ( S1)
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Cock up the foot (L4 & 5)
4. Co-ordination (heel-shin)
5. Tendon reflexes (knee and ankle)
6. Plantar responses (Babinski's sign)
7. Gait (walk and heel-to-toe)
8. Romberg's sign
Like the upper limb examination, most common cases are:
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hemiplegia with homonymous hemianopia / quadrinopia
-
incoordination with multiple sclerosis
In addition, the foot is often presented for examination in patient with
diabetic retinopathy. Look out for ischamia and/or peripheral neuropathy. |