1. Paving-stone retinal degeneration:
a. is present in 50% of patients
b. is located superiorly
c. is located posterior to the equator
d. does not predispose to retinal breaks
e. is most prevalent in younger age groups
2. The following are causes of non-rhegmatogenous retinal
detachment:
a. eclampsia of pregnancy
b. Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration
c. malignant hypertension
d. Coat's disease
e. haemangioma
3. In toxic amblyopia:
a. both eyes are usually involved within 3 months of each
other
b. treatment consists of abstention from tobacco and
alcohol plus cyanocobalamin injections
c. improvement is usually seen in 3 months if patient
adheres to the prescribed regimen
d. visual fields abnormalities may include junctional
scotoma
e. the scotomas are larger for red and green targets than
for blue
4. In retinitis pigmentosa:
a. perifoveal telangiectasia have been reported
b. use of recombinant probe shows a locus on the long
arm of the X chromosome in X linked retinitis
pigmentosa
c. there may be serum lipid abnormalities in some cases
d. fluorescein angiogram may show a subtle bulls eye
pattern
e. optic nerve pallor is not a diagnostic criteria
5. In Bird-shot chorioretinopathy:
a. mild anterior chamber reaction is often seen
b. arteriolar narrowing and vascular sheathing can be seen
c. ERG shows decreased amplitude
d. there is an associations with HLA-A 29
e. there is a sensitization to retinal S antigen
6. Acute retinal necrosis:
a. is associated with retinal tears and retinal detachment
b. is caused by cytomegalovirus
c. is caused by herpes zoster virus
d. acyclovir given early is useful in presenting retinal
detachment
e. Bechet's disease is a differential diagnosis
7. Regarding intraocular gases (SF6) used in retinal detachment
surgery:
a. sulfur hexafluoride is highly lipid soluble
b. there is rapid influx of venous nitrogen into the
intravitreal pocket of gas
c. a mixture of 40% SF6 and 60% air does not increase
in volume when left in the eye
d. posterior capsular cataracts are a complications
e. there is no electrophysiologic evidence of toxicity
8. With regard to ultrasound:
a. a choroidal haemangioma shows a highly reflective
A-scan pattern
b. a choroidal melanoma shows a highly reflective A-scan
pattern
c. a metastatic carcinoma has medium high retinal
reflectivity
d. a disciform scar has high reflectivity
e. a fresh subretinal haemorrhage has low reflectivity
9. In retinoblastoma:
a. the ratio of aqueous to plasma lactate dehydrogenase is
elevated
b. the ratio of aqueous to plasma phosphoglucose
isomerase is reduced
c. aqueous and vitreous aspirate for cytology may help
differentiate retinoblastoma from other lesions
d. a CT scan is useful to detect intraocular tumours with
calcification
e. there is an association with deletion of specific band in
chromosome 13p14
10. Vitamin B deficiency:
a. may produce a decrease in central vision with relative
sparing of peripheral vision
b. colour vision is not involved
c. in long-standing cases temporal pallor of the optic
nerve is always present
d. retinal haemorrhages may be present
e. is actually the cause of alcohol-tobacco amblyopia.