1. In corneal grafts:
a. anterior synechia increases the chances of rejection
b. specific allograft rejection often occurs within 2 weeks
of transplantation if the host cornea is vascularized
c. graft failure during the first 2 weeks may be due to
reactivation of herpes simplex
d. topical steroids have a lympholytic effect on killer
lymphocytes which are responsible for endothelial
rejection
e. subepithelial infiltrates, epithelial oedema and keratitic
precipitates are signs of rejection
2. The following are true about anti-glaucoma drugs:
a. pilocarpine reduces production of aqueous by exerting
an inhibitory action on the ciliary epithelium
b. sympathomimetics reduce intraocular pressure by
increasing uveal scleral outflow
d. carbachol increases aqueous outflow via the trabecular
meshwork thereby lowering intraocular pressure
d. pilocarpine induced miosis begins 5-10 minutes after
instillation and lasts 4-8 hours
e. echothiophate iodide has accommodation spasm,
cataractogenicity, iris cysts and retinal detachment
side-effects.
3. With regard to the cranial nerves:
a. trochlear nerve paralysis may be idiopathic in 1/3 of
cases
b. trochlear nerve paralysis is commonly caused by
diabetes mellitus
c. abducens nerve paralysis is frequently caused by
diabetes mellitus
d. the tricolour nerve is more frequently damaged by
neoplasms than the abducens nerve
e. trochlear nerve paralysis, can be caused by intracranial
aneurysms.
4. In the treatment of retinoblastoma:
a. reduction of the total dose given by avoiding usage of
supervoltage equipment reduces the complications
of
irradiation
b. Group III B tumours should be enucleated
c. gold spheres should be used after enucleation as
adjunctive radiotherapy may be required.
d. CNS spread of tumour treated with intrathecal
methotrexate can result in subacute
leukoencephalopathy
e. external beam irradiation results in posterior
subcapsular cataract in 20% of cases
5. In cataract surgery:
a. phacoemulsification has the advantage of a smaller
section resulting in less astigmatism
b. YAG capsulotomy for thickened posterior capsule can
result in retinal detachment
c. uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema syndrome is an early
post-operative complication of cataract extraction
d. with the rule astigmatism is associated with loose
sutures
e. the extracapsular technique can cause sensitization
to the endothelial cells resulting in corneal
decompensation
6. Temporal lobe tumours:
a. causes homonymous hemianopia
b. are associated with formed visual hallucinations
c. may present with psychomotor epilepsy
d. may cause Foster-Kennedy syndrome
e. may cause ataxic nystagmus
7. Optic nerve glioma:
a. is more common in children than in adults
b. originates form the myelin sheath of the optic nerve
fibres
c. causes erosion of the optic foramen margin which is
demonstratable radiologiacally
d. causes loss of vision early
e. causes axial proptosis
8. Sturge-Weber's syndrome is:
a. associated with adenoma sebaceum
b. associated with unilateral congenital glaucoma
c. associated with retinal capillary haemangioma
d. autosomal; dominant
e. associated with intracranial calcifications
9. Parinaud's syndrome consists of:
a. ataxia
b. vertical gaze paralysis
c. pupillary areflexia to light
d. optic atrophy
e. convergence weakness
10. The following may be causes of unilateral oculomotor
palsy with pupil involvement:
a. migraine
b. herpes zoster
c. myasthenia gravis
d. diabetes mellitus
e. posterior communicating artery aneurysm.