Test 28  (Uveitis)

For more information on the topics below, click here to download 
an update on uveitis by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

1. The following medications are effective against toxoplasma tissue 
    cysts:

a. clindamycin

b. pyrimethamine

c. sulphonamides

d. azithromycin

e. atovaquone
 

Answer
a.F   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.T
Azithromycin and atovaquone are effective against
the toxoplasma tissue cysts. However, recurrence is not prevented.

2. In an immunocompromised patient with retinitis, a diagnosis of 
    toxoplasma retinitis is favoured over cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
    retinitis by the presence of:

a. ocular pain

b. dense vitreous reaction

c. retinal haemorrhages

d. granulomatous anterior chamber reaction

e. scattered small lesion throughout the posterior segment
 

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.F  d.T  e.T
Retinal haemorrhages are in favour of CMV retinitis.

3. The following are true about active ocular toxoplasmosis:

a. the antibodies are always present

b. the central nervous system should be evaluated for 
    toxoplasmosis in all immunocompromised patients

c. indocyanine green can be used to detect clinically 
    invisible active satellite lesions

d. the border of the lesion is sharply defined

e. it is the commonest cause of retinitis in AIDS patients
 

Answera.F  b.T  c.F  d.F  e.F
Antibodies to toxoplasmosis may be absent in 
immunocompromised patients. The border is
always poorly defined. CMV retinitis rather toxoplasmosis is the commonest cause of retinitis in AIDS patients. 

4. The following drugs are known to cause uveitis :

a. rifabutin

b. cidofovir

c. methotrexate

d. latanoprost

e. chloramphenicol

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.F g  d.T  e.F

 

5. HAART (Highly Active Anti-virus Therapy)

          a. uses a combination of antiretroviral therapy

b. decreases the incidence of CMV retinitis

c. reduces the need for long-term maintenance therapy 
    in patients with established CMV retinitis

d. increases the number of CD4+ lymphocytes

e. causes uveitis during treatment
 

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.T   d.T  e.T
HAART has changed the clinical presentation of CMV retinitis by restoring the number and function of CD4+ lymphocytes. Immune recovery uveitis is a known complication.