1. With regard to prisms:
a. for practical purposes a prism of 2 deviates light by 1
cm
b. displaces laterally an object at 1 m by 1 cm
c. can be incorporated into spectacles by decentration of lenses
d. a prismatic effect can result from a reading addition
e. when two prisms are placed together their total effect is additive
2. The reduced eye of Listing:
a. all light entering through the pupil passes through the
nodal point
b. F2 is located 15.7 cm in front of the the cornea
c. the principal plane is in the anterior chamber
d. the nodal point is in the vitreous
e. is equivalent in power to a single refracting surface of 58.6D
3. Regarding photometry:
a. luminance is measured in candela
b. luminous flux is measure in lumens
c. illumination is inversely proportional to the squared of the distance
d. luminance is the amount of light reflected from an object
e. illumination is independent of the angle of incidence
4. Light:
a. in Maxwell's theory, particles vibrate transverse to the
direction
of wave propagation
b. photons vibrate more rapidly as the light intensity increases
c. the photoelectric effect accounts for the effect on the transmission
of an electric current through a copper wire by
photons
d. the electric and magnetic field are affected by photons
e. travels faster through air and vacuum
5. Spherical aberration in the eye is reduced by:
a. the pupil aperture
b. the Stiles-Crawford effect
c. the aplannatic cornea
d. oblique rays passing through the lens
e. the curvature of the retina
6. The following have a refractive index greater than 1.5
a. water
b. the cornea
c. the lens
d. Crown glass
e. diamond
7. The keratometer
a. can be used to measure contact lenses
b. can be used to measure astigmatism
c. assesses all the corneal curvature
d. works on the principle of the second Purkinje image
e. uses polarized light
8. Glasses should be prescribed to pre-school children:
a. if a high myopia of -8.00D
b. if a low myopia of -2.00D
c. if a +2.00D hypermetrope with esotropia
d. if a low myopia with esotropia
e. if more than 1D anisometropic hypermetrope
9. The Geneva lens measure:
a. has adjustable pins
b. can maximally measure 15D
c. can measure segments of 21 mm
d. contains a correction for flint glass
e. measures surface curvatures
10. Prisms:
a. can be used to improve the cosmesis of a blind esotropic
eye
with a base out prism
b. a base out prism over the left eye is of benefit in a left
homonymous hemianopia
c. can be used in nystagmus
d. an oblique prism can correct a vertical and horizontal deviation
e. the spherical power is reduced by using a Fresnel's rather than
a conventional prism