1. Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy: 

a. can be observed clinically in live patients

b. is associated with episodes of acute severe increase
    in intraocular pressure

c. occurs in anterior anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

d. contains hyaluronic acid

e. contains materials derived from the vitreous
 

Answera.F   b.T   c.T   d.T  e.T
Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy is characterized 
by the presence of large cavernous spaces within the 
optic nerve. It is associated with previous episodes
of severe acute increase in intraocular pressure. 
Hyaluronic acid is found within the cavernous spaces
and is believed to derive from the vitreous which has
been forced into the nerve substance by an increased intraocular pressure.
This condition is also seen in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy such as temporal arteritis.

2. In persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV): 

a. the inheritance is autosomal recessive

b. microphthalmos is common

c. the lens is reduced in size

d. calcification is common on X-ray

e. phthisis bulbi is common if untreated

Answera.F   b.T   c.T   d.F   e.T
PHPV is a sporadic condition. Calcification is rare
and if present one must consider the possibility of 
retinoblastoma.

3. Ocular features of trisomy 13 include: 

a. optic nerve hypoplasia

b. microphthalmia

c. iris coloboma

d. persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

e. corneal opacities

Answera.T   b.T   c.T   d.T   e.F

4. The following are true about conjunctival papillae:

a. they contain lymphoid tissue

b. they contain small central arteries

c. clinically, they appear as flat top elevations

d. they are seen in viral conjunctivitis 

e. they are seen in bacterial conjunctivitis

Answera.F   b.T   c.T   d.F  e.T
Lymphoid tissues are seen in conjunctival follicles.
Viral conjunctivitis is associated with follicular conjunctivitis.

a

5. In central retinal artery occlusion:

a. the occlusion typically occurs near the optic nerve head

b. the most common cause is arteriosclerosis of the retinal 
    artery

c. liquifactive infarction of the retinal nerve fibre layer is a 
    feature

d. gliosis is a prominent repair mechanism

e. the photoreceptors undergo atrophy 
 

Answera.T   b.T   c.T  d.F   e.T
Following central retinal artery occlusion, the nerve
fibre undergo liquifactive infarction. Gliosis is minimal.
Although the photoreceptors receive nutrients from 
the choroidal circulation, with time they undergo atrophy.