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Preparation of intravitreal antibiotics for endophthalmitis
In the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS), intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin were used. The alternatives are gentamicin and cefuroxime, however, gentamicin is more toxic to the retina than amikacin.Another alternatives are vancomycin and ceftazidime.
 
Amikacin (0.4mg in 0.1ml)
Need: 
  • 1 X vial amikacin 500mg/ml
  • 1 X 10ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection (saline)
  • 1X 10ml syringe
  • 1 X 1ml syringe
  • 1 sterile galley pot
1. Use the 10ml syringe and withdraw 1.6ml from a vial of non- 
    preserved amikacin containing 250mg/ml ( with sodium citrate 
    and bisulphite)..

2. Make up to 10ml (in the syringe) with Sodium Chloride 0.9% 
    Injection = 40mg/ml.

3. Discard 9ml from the syringe and make up the remaining 1ml to 
   10ml (in the syringe) with Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection.

4. Transfer solution from syringe into a sterile galley pot. Using 
    1ml syringe, draw up 0.1ml solution = 0.4mg.


 
Cefuroxime or Vancomycin 
(1000mcg in 0.1ml)
Need:
  • 1 vial of 250 mg cefuroxime or vancomycin
  • 1 X 10ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection (saline)
  • 1 x 10ml syringe
  • 1 X 5ml syringe
  • 1 X 1ml syringe
1. Reconstitute a 250mg vial with 8 mls of saline or BSS 
    (balanced salt solution).

2. Withdraw entire contents and make up to 10mls with saline or 
    BSS.

3. Inject 2 mls back into vial and make up to 5 mls in the vial 
    with saline or BSS.

4. 0.1ml of the solution = 1mg (1000 mcg).

For smaller dose adjust the volumes accordingly.


 
Ceftazidime (2mg in 0.1ml)
Need: 
  • 1 X 500mg vial ceftazidime (Fortum)
  • 1 X 10ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection
  • 1 X 10ml syringe
  • 1 X 5ml syringe
  • 1 X 1ml syringe


1. Using the 10ml syringe, reconstitute the 500mg vial of 
    ceftazidime with 8ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection.

2. On reconstitution, the solution is effervescent. Allow to 
    stand, and ensure the bubbles have subsided before use.

3. Withdraw the entire contents of the vial into the 10ml 
    syringe and make up to 10ml (in the syringe) with Sodium 
    Chloride 0.9% INjection = 50mg/ml.

4. Discard 8ml from the syringe and inject the remaining 2ml 
    from the syringe back into the vial. Using the 5ml syringe, 
   draw up 3ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection and add to 
   the vial = 20mg/1ml.

5. Use 1ml syringe to draw up 0.ml of this solution. 0.1ml = 
    2mg ceftazidime.


 
Gentamicin (200mg in 0.1ml)
Need:
  • 1 vial of gentamicin 40mg/ml
  • 1 X 10ml Sodium Chloride 0.9% injection (saline)
  • 1 X 10ml syringe
  • 1 X 1ml syringe


1. Take 0.5ml from a vial of gentamicin containing 40mg/ml.

2. Make up to 10mls with normal saline or BSS in a syringe.

3. 0.1ml of this solution = 200mg.

NB. Minims of gentamicin are unpreserved contain 3000mg 
        per ml. These may be used.


 
Amphotericin (5mcg in 0.1ml)
Need:
  • 1 vial of 50mg of amphotericin
  • 1 X 10ml 0.9% Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection
  • 1 X 10ml syringe
  • 1 X 1ml syringe
1. Reconstitute a 50mg vial with 10mls of saline or BSS.

2. Withdraw 0.1m of this and make up to 10mls in a syringe.

3. 0.1ml of this = 5mcg.

Alternatively inject entire contents of a 50mg ampoule into a 1 litre bag of Ringer-lactate and 0.1ml of this contains 5mg.


 
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