1. This is usually done with confrontation (which may be finger movement, finger counting or with red or white pin)

2. Check that patient can see out of each eye by covering each eye in term and present the object
for confrontation

3. Check peripheral field for hemianopia, quadrinopia. (Check also if the lesion obey the midline)

4. Check central scotoma with a red pin

5. Other:
 

• blind spot examination (usually not required unless no other abnormality seen)
• red saturation between two eyes
• red comparison between quadrants of one eye (abnormal in early bitemporal hemianopia)

The most common cases are:

•  bitemporal hemianopia (also look for evidence    of pituitary abnormality such as acromegaly or

• homonymous hemianopia / quadrinopia ( look for any evidnece of hemiparesis)
• central scotoma (the patient may have multiple sclerosis, look for spastic paresis or nystagmus)

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