Clinical Examination
Anterior segment
Case 1: Thyroid eye disease asked to test everything you feel necessary
for example eye
movements, pupil, optic nerve
Case 2: Heterochromia & aphakia - causes of the two together. (Chronic
uveitis in
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis; trauma)
Ophthalmology and medicine
Case 1: Flashing lights&visual loss for a day in both eyes&headache(differential
diagnosis,
arteriorvenous malformation features),fields examination
Case 2: Episcleritis & SLE (patient has butterfly rash on the face).
Posterior segment
Case 1: Retinal emboli -complications, significance for rest of body,
management of acute
arterial occlusion. (breathing into bag to vasodilate the vessels, oral
acetazolamide
and ocular message; paracentesis)
Case 2: Macular scar - differential, management of old macular scar,
causes of choroidal
folds, characteristics of preproliferaive DR
Neuro-ophthalmology
Case 1: Partial third & sixth but no fourth( able to look up ,abduct
or adduct) - possible
location of problem, differential diagnosis, shown MRI -cavernous
haemangioma
Case 2: Bilateral swollen discs in teenage girl-differential &
management,had BIH
Glaucoma
Case 1: Pupil examination-RAPD causes, examine discs-causes of unilateral
optic atrophy
examine ant seg-bilateral PIs & left trab -give likely history.examine
discs of same
patient-cupped discs L>R.examine fields of same patient -R superior
quadrantinopia which was incongrous-is it due to the discs & what could
have
accounted for it.
Communication skills:
Age-related macular degeneration, consent for FFA, tell patient it
is not amenable to treatment.
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